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Professor Fitzgerald earned his BS in Materials Science Engineering from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1985 and his PhD from Cornell University in 1989. Early in his career at AT&T Bell Labs, he and his colleagues invented high-mobility strained silicon, leading to the commercialization of this technology by AmberWave System Corporation, a firm he co-founded in 1998. His work is integral to silicon integrated circuits used in various applications including cell phones and computers. Fitzgerald has co-founded six companies, focusing on semiconductors, water purification, and silicon-based high-efficiency multi-junction solar cells. He was appointed CEO and Director of the Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology (SMART), overseeing MIT’s research initiatives in Singapore. Under his leadership, SMART's Low Energy Electronic Systems program led to the development of manufacturable methods for integrating compound semiconductors with silicon integrated circuits. He is also a co-author of the 2010 book 'Real Innovation', which discusses the processes of innovation.