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Paul Axel is a Full Professor of General Sociology at the University of Basel, where he specializes in fundamental categories of sociological analysis including social action and social norms. His academic work encompasses both classical and contemporary theories of sociology and related disciplines, with a significant focus on the history of the discipline, epistemology, and scientific theory. Axel's research addresses the intricate relationship between culture and society, understanding culture as a constructively created institution that shapes how individuals interact with their external and inner worlds. He employs historical and intercultural comparisons to answer key sociological questions regarding social order and socio-cultural evolution. His teaching philosophy emphasizes the importance of interpreting contemporary society within a historical-cultural context, enabling students to engage with long-term trends in social development while critically evaluating current social issues.
The University of Basel generally requires C1 level proficiency in the language of instruction. For most English-taught Masters, TOEFL (min 92-95) or IELTS (min 7.0) is the standard.