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Toine Spapens is a full professor of criminology at Tilburg University. His research focuses on organized crime, green criminology, and rural criminology. Over the past 25 years, Spapens has extensively published on various aspects of organized crime, including drug production and trafficking, illegal gambling, property crimes, and criminal families. He has also worked on issues of cross-border police cooperation and multi-agency collaboration. One area of particular interest to him is environmental crime, especially waste crimes linked to the Netherlands. His theoretical work has addressed network approaches to organized crime and the regulation of illegal activities in markets such as gambling and waste management. Spapens frequently conducts studies commissioned by Dutch government agencies and the European Union. He was born and raised in Tilburg, which contributes to his particular interest in crime problems in the North-Brabant province.
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